Phosphoric acid is one of the best known acids and is used in many industries, especially in the manufacture of fertilizers. Phosphate as a phosphate is mainly used in agriculture and even at home. Students may even hear the word "phosphoric acid" a lot in chemistry classes.
Phosphoric acid belongs to the group of weak acids. Phosphoric acid is also known as orthophosphoric acid, which helps us to easily distinguish it from other phosphoric acids, such as polyphosphoric acid. Another name for phosphoric acid is phosphoric acid (V). The chemical formula of phosphoric acid is H3PO4. The pure compound of phosphoric acid is a colorless solid.
The salt of phosphoric acid is phosphate. The important phosphates are -
Ammonium phosphate, usually used as a fertilizer. They are produced by mixing the correct amount of phosphoric acid and anhydrous ammonia in a rotary drum. The choice of ammonium phosphate for crop use depends on the nitrogen and phosphorus content.
Calcium phosphate, widely used as a fertilizer. Produced by reacting sulfuric acid with phosphate ore.
Sodium phosphate, formed by the reaction of phosphoric acid with a concentrated sodium hydroxide solution. The product formed is in the form of solid crystals.
Physical properties: Pure phosphoric acid is usually in the form of a white crystalline solid. It has a melting point of. The acid is a colorless, odorless, viscous liquid with a density of 2.030 g.cm. Phosphoric acid is essentially non-toxic and non-volatile.
Chemical properties: Phosphite can react differently than other inorganic acids. When reacting with bases, three types of salts are usually formed. When a phosphoric acid molecule is exposed to high temperatures, it forms dimers, and trimers are also long polymeric chains as seen in polyphosphoric and metaphosphoric acids.
The most common use of phosphoric acid is in agriculture. Phosphoric acid is widely used in the production of fertilizers and as a flavoring agent for animal or poultry feed.
Phosphoric acid is used in dentistry, where dentists often use this compound as an etching solution and to clean teeth. Phosphoric acid is also found in oral cleaning products. In addition to this, phosphoric acid is found in anti-nausea drugs.
Phosphoric acid is used to treat rust and remove it from metal parts. It is useful in the process of phosphate conversion coating. Phosphoric acid helps to resist corrosion.
Phosphoric acid is widely used to adjust or control the pH of skin care products. Phosphoric acid is also found in toothpaste, soaps and detergents.
Phosphoric acid is used as a food additive and to acidify foods and beverages. Phosphoric acid helps to produce certain flavors.
Phosphoric acid is non-toxic in nature. Low concentrations of phosphoric acid do not cause harm to the skin or any part of the body. Phosphoric acid is only dangerous at higher concentrations and can cause severe skin irritation or burns. Phosphoric acid should be stored in metal or coated fiberboard containers with polyethylene inner packaging in a cool, well-ventilated place.
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